![]() But since environmentalists never completely excluded cultural factors, they differed from possibilists and especially probabilists only in degree. ![]() These two positions were not consistent extensions of the metaphysical concepts of free will and determinism: possibilism denied environmental control but not necessarily other determinants, whereas geographic determinism conflicted both with possibilism and all other particular single-factor determinisms. These were not identical: most who accepted the environmentalist definition preferred possibilism to geographical determinism. Environmentalism included both environmental determinism and the environmentalist definition of geography as the study of man-environment relationships. “Environmentalism” and “determinism” are terms covering varied concepts.
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